Causes and Effects of Gravity

Causes and Effects of Gravity Ahmed Emad Hassab Elnabi Gravitational Force â€Å"’You may hate gravity, but gravity doesnt care.’ Clayton Christensen†. This Harvard teacher was directing this quotation to students like me because it is a force that cannot be viewed. Gravity is a field force exerted by an object to attract another object towards its center. In a simplified manner, it is an intangible, non-contact force that cannot be seen, but is existent between all objects. Gravitational force in a mathematical perspective is the mass of an object multiplied by gravitational acceleration. It is one of the fundamental forces of the universe that maintains planets, solar systems and galaxies. In the last couple of centuries, gravity became understood through Galileo, Brahe, Kepler, Newton and Einstein. Before the last 300 years, some only superficially understood gravity and others neglected the concept of having a field. In ancient times, civilizations believed that the skies and systems were held by divine power. Over they years, loads of scientists and philosophers tried to explain such a ‘magical’ phenomenon. In 1610, Galileo created a modern telescope. He used it to observe different planets’ behaviors. He focused on Earth and Venus; consequently he realized that they both revolve around the sun in a similar pattern. Therefore, he concluded that there’s a force that causes this spectacle. In the same time existed Kepler and Brahe. Kepler used Brahe’s astronomical data to conclude that planets revolve around the sun in an elliptical motion and that Earth has the same orbits around the sun; thus, he discovered that gravity creates seasons. Then, came the father of physics and creator of laws of motion, Isaac Newton. He was one of the first to ex plain the theory of mutual interaction, through his law of Universal Gravitation. It states that any and every two bodies in the universe attract each other with a force directly proportional to their masses and inversely proportion to the square of the distance between them. Thus objects like Newton’s apple is pulled to the earth and vice versa; the earth and planets are pulled towards the sun and vice versa. Finally, Albert Einstein, who is the most renounced genius, proposed a new theory. He said that gravity is the result of space and time being bent, general theory of relativity. He also theorized that enormous masses alter space and time because they deflect light, thus creating gravity. Skeptics denounced his theory, but time proved this theory right when astronauts went to space and found out that a clock is quicker away from earth. There are many misconceptions about gravity because there are many different explanations to it. First, people think that gravitational force doesn’t exist between humans, but it does exist between every object in the universe. However, the gravitational pull by earth is much stronger than the force exerted by humans because of its huge mass. Second, some thinks that gravity occurs through a mixture of gases, the air. However, gravity occurs between planets and suns, where there is no air, vacuum. Third some think that gravitational acceleration (a=f/m) in free-fall decreases because of the force of gravity of other objects. However, air pressure causes this occurrence but gravitational acceleration is constant at 9.81 m/s. Fourth, people claim that we are supposed to be pulled to mars or the moon also. On the other hand, they don’t take into consideration the factor of distance and that earth is we are too far from the moon or mars. Fifth, some say that there is no gra vitational force between Pluto and Earth. This is not true because gravitational force exists between all the objects in the universe. No matter how minute it can be, it is never zero. Sixth, a person might claim that his mass changes on the moon, but mass is constant; it is weight that changes depending on the gravitational pull. Seventh, one would think that we must be pulled to the Earth’s core since that is stated in Newton’s law of universal gravity. However, Newton also said in his third law that the Earth’s floor has an equal and opposing force to the gravitational force. Finally, one could claim that there is no gravitational force exerted on bacteria since they float. This statement is false because its mass is insignificant, gravitational force exerted by Earth on them is very small that it seemingly doesn’t affect them. Gravity has a very strange nature since Isaac Newton and Albert Einstien explained it in different ways. They both agreed on some fundamentals. First of all, Gravity is a field force because it is a contact force that occurs without objects physically touching. For example, the Earth pulls a ball towards the ground without touching it. Moreover, they both agreed that gravity is of extreme importance, in which it holds planets in solar systems and solar systems in galaxies. Isaac Newton theorized that gravity is the tendency of an object to be pulled towards the center of another object. Newton proposed the equation that the force of gravity equates to the mass of an object multiplied by the gravitational acceleration. On the other hand, Albert Einstein explained gravity as the bend in space and time created by a huge mass, so other objects that come near, fall in the dip or orbit in one of the levels of the dip. He proposed the equation of the gravitational force equates to the gravi tational constant multiplied by mass of object one times the mass of object two, all divided by the square of the radius. One other point that all scientists that understood gravity agreed on is that the range of gravity is infinite. There are many misconceptions about its range because the thought of infinite is tough for all humans. However, there is a force of gravity between any two masses. For example gravity exists on an atomic level and on a intergalactic level. There is an infinite amount of uses of gravity. On Earth, it keeps humans, animals and plants in the atmosphere stuck to the Earth’s surface. Also, gravity plays an important role in maintaining our spine’s shape because its God given strength is just right to neither make the spine neither rough nor soft. Furthermore, gravity keeps the Earth at a certain distance form the sun, so we would have suitable weather conditions to survive. Also, it pulls rain and flowing water downwards for us to drink water. Finally, it has a huge effect on the macro-organisms. Gravity keeps moons around their planets, planets around their stars; it keeps all systems in their galaxies and keeps galaxies in their clusters. Therefore, we have passed through many stages to understand such a strange phenomenon. Many scientists and thinkers had their say like Newton and Einstein. They proposed different theories but all had the same fundamental, which is that gravity observed everywhere we look; it can be clearly seen on a macro-level, but it is existent between everything in the universe. Finally, there are many applications and misconceptions of gravity because of its unbounded nature. As Albert Einstein once said, â€Å"Learn from yesterday, live for today, hope for tomorrow. The important thing is not to stop questioning.† This is the scientist’s code, which explains the constant advancements in science, chemistry and physics, and it will infinitely continue as people continue trying to ask the right questions. Works cited Chapter 5. Cohen Physics 131. N.p.: Cohen, n.d. N. pag. Print. http://www.esu.edu/physics/cohen/phys131/textbook/cohen_ch5.pdf> Gravitational Force. Gravitational Force. PHY, n.d. Web. 19 Nov.2013. http://www.phy.syr.edu/courses/tutorials/FreeBody/Gravity/Gravitational.Force.html>. History of Gravity. History of Gravity. WISC, n.d. Web. 19 Nov. 2013. http://www.physics.wisc.edu/museum/Exhibits-1/Mechanics/GravPit/index_HistGrav-2.html>. Thompson, Hobbie, and Sarah Havern. Gravity. Gravity. Stanford, n.d. Web. 18 Nov. 2013. http://www.stanford

Electronic Health Record Benefits

Electronic Health Record Benefits The electronic health record is a mean of organizing patients data making use in the field of information technology. Its purpose is to fulfill the various needs for information not only of patients and healthcare providers but also of other beneficiaries. The implementation of electronic health record system in health care organization is very complex and involves many parameters. Introduction Electronic health record is currently used by 12% of the physicians and 11% of the hospitals nationwide. Industry and government have promoted Electronic health record as a means of controlling costs and improving patients care. The electronic health record has become one of president obama main agenda and the investment necessary to ensure that within the coming years, all of Americas medical records are computerized. Today with the advance of globalization the electronic health record is still highly unlikely to advance in the next five years, governmental, technical and industry advances are adopting, which will drive the electronic health record in the hands of medical providers. The electronic health record (E.H.R) is a digital record of patient health information generated by one or more encounters in any care delivery setting. It contains information of the patient includes demographics, problems, medications, vital signs, past medical history, laboratory data and radiology re port . The electronic health record also promises the removal of many barriers in the medical field such as saving lives, money, and time, but unfortunately the fulfillment of this promise in the real world application has remained with a big question mark due to many factors cost of implementation, privacy and security. The following graph is the result of survey experts at nearly 3000 group practice nationwide. The table below lists barriers to Electronic health record adoption. well known factors such as security and cost are cited as key factors, but other factors which is usability is not mentioned frequent is another barrier to the electronic health record adoption. Usability is a primary concern Usability issues are also a factor why electronic health record implementation fails. In a survey paper primary care physicians were asked the reasons why they did not use the electronic health record system. From the research finding 35% of the physicians listed specific electronic health record usability issues, the most common were: Problems with the screen navigation, and the lack of functioning and the concern that the data will be lost. Anecdotal support for usability and Electronic health record failure comes from Cedars- Sinai medical centre of Los Angeles. They developed a $ 34 million computerized physician order entry system, but only included the input of a few physicians before launching it hospital wide in 2002 without thorough training Physicians who previously used to take notes by hand now required going through nearly a dozen screens and responding through numerous alerts for even common orders. Traditional doctors around 400 of them demanded its removal within three months of its launch. Poor usability can also endanger patients health. The electronic health record should be modernized helping the clinician workflow. In the year 1991, the institute of medicine released a report supporting the idea of implementing the Electronic health record within the coming years. In 2010, researchers believe only a small portion of health providers both public and private implementing the system. The implementation o f electronic health record provides answers to many barriers in the medical world. Background An electronic health record is a digital or electronic record of the patient health information gathered over the history of the patients interaction with the health care system. An electronic health record stores all information concerning the patient health statues. Information varies and includes the following age/sex, medications, and vital signs, past medical history, laboratory data and radiology report. The concept of a medical report goes back to the fifth century B.C developed by the Greek physician Hippocrates, also known as the Hippocratic Oath. Hippocrates described two main goals behind his findings 1- a medical record should accurately reflect the course of disease 2- a medical record should indicate the problem cause of the disease. In the present days, the electronic health record first began to appear in the 1960s. Reported that at least 73 hospitals began to use the electronic health record system. In 1991, the institute of medicine released a landmark report recomm ending the electronic health record be implemented in health system within 10 years. Almost 20 years later, according to the latest researchers only a small portion of health providers have implemented electronic health record. A Meta analysis of diffusion rates of the electronic health record in the United States shows that an uptake has slowed in recent years. The study concludes Electronic health record is the future. President Obama administration has the electronic health record as one of its primarily agenda the investment necessary to ensure that within the next five years, all of Americas medical records are computerized. While still with the advance of globalization the electronic health record is highly unlikely within the next five years, governmental, technical and industry advances are adopting, which will drive the electronic health record in the hands of medical providers. The electronic health record also promises the removal of many barriers in the medical field suc h as saving lives, money, and time. The question is still debatable whether the whole world will move towards the implementation of the Electronic health record. The electronic health record is one of the most important electronic patient data collection of our time and with the expanding population of the world it has become a necessity to implement the system in all public and private hospitals. The G.C.C region Literature review The opinions concerning the positive effects an E.H.R can have on patients health and whether all the healthcares in the world should step in and implement the system. The collection of personal health data is described to have many formats when speaking of systems that manage it. Reduction of the storage necessary to keep paper charts is also a noted as a reason to leverage an E.H.R freeing up of space better used for revenue generation. Paper charts have their own risk associated with them in terms of getting lost, productivity impacts to maintain and retrieve paper records and the resulting negative patient care (Carpenter 2002). An electronic health record system is the collection of data that is central to the patient (Rishel, Handler Edwards, 2005). These opinions agree the importance of the E.H.R and implementation of the system. An E.H.R system exists to facilitate the storage, revival and continuity of the record itself (Gans, Kralewski, Hammons Does, 2005). These opinions also strongly agree with the improvisation of the Medical record with the advances with science and technology. reversing the scenario, an E.H.R system can collect and aggregate information from other sources such as laboratory, X-ray and unstructured data like faxes or handwritten notes ( Wojcik, 2006) the scholar Wojcik agrees strongly with the use of E.H.R talking about the positive of the E.H.R reduces the storage of handwritten notes and stacks and piles of paper. The near term presents providers with realizing the digitization of the boxes of paper that is generated by patient encounters. These paper databases represent the clinical data that is ultimately needed to take EMR systems to the next level. The near term presents providers with realizing the digitization of the boxes of paper that is generated by patient encounters. These paper databases represent the clinical data that is ultimately needed to take EMR systems to the next level. Clinical data is the baseline in whic h all healthcare processes subscribe including decision support, health outcome analysis, billing and claims processing and health maintenance. Correlation and access to this data is what EMR systems seek to facilitate (Handler Hieb, 2007). Electronic health record systems, once materially implemented across the healthcare spectrum, will itself become the framework in which more overarching goals can be accomplished, such as the centralization of a persons health history. With Clinical data as a basis, further utilization of EMR systems can occur. EMR systems, once materially implemented across the healthcare spectrum, will itself become the framework in which more overarching goals can be accomplished, such as the centralization of a persons health history (Gartner. Currently, about 25 percent of U.S physicians are using systems that facilitate electronic health records (Murdock, 2007). E.H.R has become a primary concern in the medical world and the according to past literature re view in this generation we find that it some of the scholars are concerned with the paper works as they say that the E.H.R will help save doctors a lot of time and makes the process more efficient. Some scholars say that paper based system is very negative as it leads to losing important patient data which might confuse the doctor in prescribing proper medication to the patient. There are differences of opinion but according to most scholars the E.H.R is a vital tool in solving many of the issues that both public and private hospitals face around the world Questionnaire Results The questionnaire focuses on the importance of the E.H.R system and its implementation in the United States of America at a nation wide level. With growing medical demands around the world Hypothesis one results Our research finding indicate that the U.S government is encouraging the country medical networks to start using the E.H.R Hypothesis two results Our research finding according to 430 surveyors say that 55.1 % of their medical practices use the Electronic health record system Hypothesis three results Our research finding shows that majority of the surveyors have a positive outlook that majority of the medical practices will start using the E.H.R between the next 1 to 2 years Hypothesis four results Our research finding shows that 41.8% of the surveyors believe that their medical providers will qualify for the Medicare and Medicaid programs Hypothesis five results Our research finding again shows a positive outlook of the near future as 65% of the surveyors say that their practices will qualify for the Medicare and Medicaid programs by the end of 2011 Hypothesis six results Our research finding again shows that the U.S government financial incentive can upgrade the performance of E.H.R surveyors helped us with the conclusion that government financial backing to the Medicaid and Medicare programs can improve the medical performance in the near future Hypothesis seven results Our research finding states the importance of the U.S government testing the E.H.R program before purchasing them according to the surveyors 71% agreed the importance of testing the systems before implementing them nationwide Hypothesis eight results Our research finding concluded that most of the clinicians hire 1-5 physicians which is low according to the demands of medical needs of our current era Case Study Questions and answers regarding on implementing the electronic health record (Case Study). The case study focuses on the systematic reviews and the effects of electronic health record system can have in the medical sector if implemented at nationwide level. In the G.C.C the electronic health record is still new and according to our case study taken from the united states we want to find whether implementing the electronic health record system will add value to the medical sector or not. Will electronic health record improve patients health outcome? In a review evidence results in two study cases came up with the following result In 2004 a systematic review conducted 3 study cases that reported patients outcomes, no benefit was the conclusion In 2008 an analytical survey of several U.S patients found very few data or no association between the use of electronic health records and the improvement of patients outcomes In the end of the study there was no evidence linking between electronic health record with better patient outcomes Will electronic health record improve the quality of care? Evidence proves that the following result might occur on the electronic health record if implemented in practice In 2004 a review of 26 studies analyzed several outcomes related to the quality of patient physician encounters and with the research it discovered a sharp incline in provision of preventing care In 2006 a review on health information technologies and their impact on quality, efficiency and cost findings were: Increased adherence to guidelines based care, advanced surveillance and monitoring and a decline in medication errors In 2007 a study of data from some community health centers over the course of one year concluded that while electronic health record related costs had not been recovered, the quality of care improved In 2008 a review on the advantages and costs of electronic patient Concluded that concerning the influence of EPRs on the quality of care The studies did not clearly identify a clear answer to the questions of Benefit In 2009 a review of 7 countries experience implementing health information systems concluded that they had a neutral experience where neither benefit nor harm between the system implementation and quality of care The conclusion of the study indicates that the electronic health record has a positive effect on the quality of care; however some of the reviews still find it neutral so the opinions of the doctors and physicians are still conflicting. Will the Electronic health record be cost effective? In 2003 cost benefit analysis on the electronic health record in primary care settings concludes that electronic health record can result in positive return on investment In 2007 review on informatics system designed to improve care of chronic disease found that both cost effectiveness and adherence were significantly improved In 2008 report on the United States budget office summarized evidence supporting the practice of health information technologies describes the benefits on cost saving as limited In 2010 assessment on the quality of care resulting from hospital computerization concludes that currently implemented hospital computing might improve process measures of quality but not administrative or overall costs The research cite modest cost benefit associated with electronic health record, however based on results for small trails or projections based on modeling: empirical evidence supporting the cost effectiveness on electronic health record remains limited or conflicting Will the electronic health service save time and improve the efficiency of health services delivery? In 2006 a review of quality measures on the use of electronic health records indicated that the lack of implementing health services has been demonstrated, but the author notes that the outcome is limited to a wider health service provider A systematic review in the year 2008 analyzed six studies that addressed electronic health record with respect to consultation time, one study found the decrease in consultation time and the other found no difference A 2008 report from the United States congressional budget office summarized evidence supporting the adoption of health information technologies described the evidence around efficiency as conflicting In 2009 a review examined the impact on regional health information system and figured that, studies were of variable scope and quality improves the medical data access, timely information, and medical data exchange and improvement in communication and coordination within a region between health care professionals While there are some evidence supporting an association between the electronic health record and efficiency, there is also evidence which does not support this conclusion Will electronic health record improve physicians and patients satisfaction? In 2004 a review found that results were mixed with both the patients and physicians expressing enthusiasm for electronic health record and on the other hand expressing significant concerns about the impact of their use on a variety of outcomes A 2009 review of seven united based studies examined patient satisfaction with the electronic health record and figured that: one out of seven studies reported a positive effect on patient satisfaction, five out of seven studies reported a neutral effect and one out of seven studies reported a negative effect Evidence on patients and physician satisfaction is scarce An interview with Dr Michael Shuskho on the electronic health record As a professional in your field how do you find the electronic health record system? Michael: the E.H.R is an advanced system which is very useful for doctors especially in the current Era. It provides better patient care, and makes a permanent record that is legible that other doctors can review the system and also actually streamlines patient care Will the electronic health record improve efficiency and reduce time Michael: yes, the electronic health record is a valuable system to most of the doctors because it replaces the piles of paper and with a few click on your computer screen the doctor can view all the patients past medical record and send all the information to the other doctor within minutes Is the electronic health record system better than the manual paper based system? Michael: yes, the E.H.R is clearer and safer than the manual system provided that it is used carefully. Exg: a doctor can view patients X-Ray, picture of his electro cardio graph in a much clearer and digitalized form while in the paper based system the pages might wear or get old and by the time the picture of the X-Ray gets more aged, it makes it hard for the doctor to identify the exact diagnosis Is it cheaper to implement an electronic health record? Michael: The electronic health record system is expensive and the start up cost of the Medicaid and Medicare programs is high but in the long term it will eventually become cheaper for the clinics and hospitals to use them What are the barriers that prevents the electronic health record system by being in practice at a larger scale Michael: some doctors who arent familiar with updated technology and use practical manuals prefer not to implement the E.H.R in their clinics. Another barrier to the electronic health record is the upfront cost which is expensive and the some doctors find it hard adapting to the system Dr. Michael one last question before we conclude our interview. In your personal opinion will the E.H.R be mandatory by 2015 in the U.S Michael: I assume the probability that the electronic health record system might be mandatory in the U.S and the government might take actions in seeing that all the practices and clinics use the system The implementation of the E.H.R IN Kuwait and Bahrain Based on our research we have found that the electronic health record still needs to adapt at a global scale and the system is new to the G.C.C countries compared to the western countries such as United States, United Kingdom. Kuwait started using the E.H.R in 2005 in private and public clinics replacing the paper based system. According to the hypothesis questions and results in the U.S case studies it shows clearly that the E.H.R is on the way of improving and use the E.H.R rather than the traditional filing system. Bahrain is also taking a step further in implementing the system and the public and private clinics and with the help of the MGA methodology and the case study we have come with proposed solutions and the benefits that the kingdom of Bahrain and other G.C.C countries will achieve through the E.H.R December 2010 The health ministry in Bahrain will launch its national e-files project early 2011. It will cost the ministry between BD 25 Million to BD 30 million. Files of patients at salmaniya Medical complex and health centers will be converted into e-files. The first phase will cost BD 1.5 million and include all SMC and health care patients. Private hospitals and clinics can also be part of the system by paying a fee The health minister stated that many countries were struggling to meet the challenges of providing adequate health care for citizens. Changing demographics increased patients expectations, a global shortage of health professionals and rising costs associated with innovative technologies and new drugs means that healthcare is consuming an increasingly large proportion of gross domestic product and is becoming a priority for most governments. The minister also discussed Bahrain healthcare agenda through some strategic objectives which includes health promotion and prevention by strengthening primary healthcare services, the provision of quality health services by maintaining international accreditation of facilities and enhancing access to all health care services (Gulf Daily News- [emailprotected]) Plan for online health service Patients in Bahrain may soon be able to manage their healthcare online. Patients know best (PKB) enables people to communicate securely with doctors and nurses, access their medical records and send and receive health data. The medical group was founded two years ago by Bahraini Dr Mohammed Al Ubaydli in the United Kingdom. He has more than 15 years of experience in the medical software and trained as a physician at the Cambridge University. The expert worked as a staff scientist at the national institutes of health and was a management consultant to US hospitals at the Advisory board company and is the author of six books. PKB is the first company to integrate into Britains NHS secures connecting for patients to work online with clinicians. The group was voted as the best social innovation start up at tech crunch europas European start up awards 2010. At least two hospitals in Bahrain as well as others in the UAE and Malta have shown interest in signing up to the initiative. In the U.K, PKB affiliates includes great Ormond St hospital, Thalidomide Trust, Cure Parkinson and Two NHS hospitals will also sign up soon Access Dr Al Ubaydli said hospitals and medical centers that have affiliated with the PKB give their patients an online ability to securely access their medical documents, history and test results, have online consultations with their doctors and receive prescriptions. Once you give the medical record to the patient they can give them to their GP, relatives, social workers and so on he told the GDN. The patient can start an online consultation with any doctor they have added, it works a bit like the face book. They can also reach their doctor at any time say, for example, their child is taking medication but develops a fever at 3am and they can go online and ask the doctor how to adjust their medication. The system asks automated questions that your doctor would ask so that when the doctor sees this in the morning it saves them a lot of time and they can quickly respond with advice. ( Gulf Daily News 8 Dec 2010) The articles concludes the following results The kingdom of Bahrain is taking new measures in implementing the E.H.R in the G.C.C and mena region Many of today healthcares can be solved through networking Globalize E.H.R System Networking communication is an intermediary between practicing doctors implementing the E.H.R in their private clinics or public clinics. The information process is much faster through communication networks which reduces time, saves lives and improves efficiency Exg: Steve Dr Akram Favorite doctor has a patient and needs emergency solution to a problem through a communication network can achieve his goal browsing the Globalize E.H.R network finding solutions through other Doctors specialized in that field. An E.H.R system that works like a face book Doctors can log on their account and log on the system with other health professionals and discuss emergency situations and provide solutions The problems can be solved through fast communication and accurate knowledge the tacit knowledge key challenges to health practitioners implementing the E.H.R in the GCC countries Cost of implementation is not offset by the efficiencies in the E.H.R Technical support needs to be modified due to the advancement in IT Stress on staff and the practice in general was significant A 2007 review article recommended strong physician leadership and a staged approach to successful implementation In 2010 an article challenged conventional assumptions that the physicians were to blame for low uptake of electronic health record. Electronic medical records vary greatly in capability, quality, and cost. Doctors will become enthusiastic users if the electronic medical records are helpful in the care of their patients There are significant challenges associated with implementing E.H.R in the Mena or G.C.C countries Benefits of networking for the G.C.C Region Improves patient care through greater access to information Reduces test result times Decrease paper work for clinicians Integrate communication Helps ensure that patient medical data and stats are there when patients need to find his/ her test results Compliance with privacy regulations Proposed solutions for the electronic health record A 2008 synthesis of 3 qualitative studies identifies essential components of successful electronic health record implementation A project champion Realistic expectation of the challenges of implementing an electronic health record Addressing existing staff attitude towards IT Provide adequate training to staff A systematic review of 7 countries experience implementing health information system in primary care identified the following factors Quality of the graphical user interface and feature functionality Quality of implementation project management Users previous experience with information technology systems The Electronic health record today application The adoption of the electronic health record is difficult to overcome due to the lack of the return on investment. Scholars and writers on the subject noted that health care decision makers find it difficult to demonstrate return on investment to undertake a comprehensive electronic health record system within their organization. The health care costs continue to increase and the fact that the initial investment on equipment can be quite expensive. Another fact that complicates the adoption of the electronic health record is that the data is heavily structured, being recorded in the allotted space. Training is an important issue and this is required by a large amount of population. One should keep in mind that the population has different levels of computer literacy (Upham 2004). These contributors of the electronic health services contributed to a slow increase in the adoption of such systems in many hospitals. In a survey question regarding the E.H.R and the implementation of the m ethod out of 436 who have responded to the question, 35.6% said that they have already implemented the electronic health services. The percentage is expected to grow in the coming years of application. The G.C.C is taking all the necessary step in implementing the system with an enhanced knowledge in the field and the governments should test all the Medicare and Medicaid programs before implementing the system The Evolution of the Electronic Health Record The electronic health record is an open field of debate amongst the doctors, physicians, clinicians and scholars. In the electronic implementation of such records, we may also expect to find populations of patients, integrated access to biomedical literature and interactive environment for offering clinical guidelines or consultative advice. Throughout ages the world is becoming more globalized and in the age of science and technology the computer is being the number one tool. The (local area network) is connected to the full internet, with an integrated access to a wide variety of information sources that are geographically distributed well beyond local institutions. The electronic health record system is expanding worldwide and some of the future implementation An enhanced internet: an internet with much higher bandwidth and reliability, increased response time and financial models that makes the application cost effective and practical is required. Major research effort is underway to address some of these concerns, including the federal next generation Internet activity in the United States exploratory effort that continue to push the state of art in internet technology, and all significant implication for the future of health care delivery in general for computer- based health record in particular Better Education and health care training for health care providers: there is a difference between computer literacy (familiarity with computers and the routine users in society) and the knowledge of the role that computing and communication technology can and should play in our health care system. More medical information training programs and the expansion of existing programs are needed. Junior faculty in health science schools who may wish to seek additional training in this area should be supported Changes in the management and organization of health care institution: health care provide some of the most complex organizational structures in society, and it is simplistic to assume the off shelf products will be smoothly introduced into a new institution without major analysis. Discussion The project mainly discusses on electronic health record system that the implementation of the idea goes back to Hippocrates who laid the foundation in the 5th century and by the following years doctors, physicians, pharmacists and clinicians tried to improvise the idea of the health record system on paper but in the 1960s the standards of the paper based changed to the electronic health record systems and hospitals welcomed the new system which was more efficient and reduces paperwork and time. The electronic health record according to numerous researches and articles emphasized that the system should be introduced worldwide. the G.C.C region is expanding in both size and capacity since the countries like Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Uae opened door to foreign investment in their respected countries. Our research focuses on the implementation of the E.H.R in the U.S and the results of the case study gave us a better understanding on whether to implement the system in the G.C.C countries. The results were positive and the need of the system is becoming compulsory in our world today. Kuwait have already

Against Proposition 69 and the DNA Fingerprint Act Essay -- DNA Databa

Abstract: California’s Proposition 69 and the DNA Fingerprint Act both expand criminal DNA databases far beyond what is necessary to protect citizens and prosecute violent crime. DNA profiling techniques and databases have developed largely over the last fifteen years, and the recent expansions are only a part of an ongoing trend of ‘function creep’ that characterizes database expansion. Proposition 69 and the DNA Fingerprint Act expand DNA databases originally designed to house DNA samples from violent criminals to include samples from anyone arrested for a felony crime. This is unreasonable because many persons arrested for felonies are ever convicted or even tried, but under these expansions their DNA will be stored in a criminal DNA database alongside convicted rapists, murderers, and other felons. California Proposition 69 and the DNA Fingerprint Act: Considerable Expansions in Criminal DNA Databases Proposition 69, passed last November by voters in California, and the DNA Fingerprint Act, passed recently in Congress, both significantly expand DNA databases designed to house and identify DNA samples from dangerous, violent criminals. These recent expansions are only part are only part of a ‘function creep’ phenomenon that has characterized DNA database expansion since states began keeping DNA profiles on record in the 1990s. Not until recently, however, have the expansions crossed the line between legitimate DNA profiling for law enforcement or forensic purposes and an invasion of privacy. Proposition 69 and the DNA Fingerprint Act do not significantly improve the ability of law enforcement agencies to prosecute violent criminals. Instead, they treat many innocent citizens as criminals, storing their res... ...2048/cgi/content/full/352/26/2669 2Simoncelli, Tania. Steinhardt, Barry. California’s Proposition 69: A dangerous precedent for criminal DNA databases. Journal of Law, Medicine, and Ethics. [Internet]. [cited 2005 Oct 3]. Available from: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=17768646 3Rothstein, Mark A. Genetic justice. The New England Journal of Medicine. [Internet]. [cited 2005 Nov 6]. Available from: http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/352/26/2667 4Proposition 69: DNA samples, collection, database, funding, initiative statute. California Secretary of State. [Internet]. [cited 2005 Oct 15]. Available from: http://222.ss.ca.gov/elections/bp_nov04/prop_60_entire.pdf Senate reauthorizes violence against women 5 act. Senator Jon Kyl Press Office. [Internet]. [cited 2005 Oct 15]. Available from: http://kyl.senate/gov/record.cfm?id=246925

Essay --

Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction One of the most common ways for a firm to operate or finances its assets is capital structure. Capital structures refer as a combination of equity, debt and hybrid securities that used in the firm operation. In a perfect market, transaction or bankruptcy cost, inefficient information and taxes will not exist. Therefore, Modigliani and Miller created a theory of capital structure in a perfect market. The use of capital structure is important as it affect the firm profitability. Financial decision of a business organization becomes one of the important decisions that normally will represent by capital structure. Musiega, et al. (2013) claimed that choosing an appropriate capital structure will benefit the firm as it help a firm to adapt with various challenging and competitive business world thereby become more profitability. According to Zeitun and Tian (2007), managers who are able to identify the optimal capital structure will help the companies to increase the firm revenue or profitability and reduce the firm’s cost of finance. Nutshell, capital structure of a firm can influence a firm profitability; a firm health determined by a firm capital structure. By analyzing the choice of firm’s capital structure, financial behavior of a firm can be explained by the pecking order theory and the trade off theory (Ana, Dragan & Monica, 2012). Both of this theory provides a different relationship between the capital structure and profitability. Based on the study of Zabri (2012), the pecking order theory provide a negative impact of profitability on leverage while the trade-off theory provide a positive relationship between the capital structure and profitability. There are some of the findings... ...o investigate the relationship between the capital structure and profitability of firm. In order to have clearer and accurate evidence on the relationship between the capital structure and profitability, 24 of public listed companies in Sarawak Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE), Malaysia are chosen to test it. All the financial statement for 24 companies will record accurate and correctly in order to create an accurate test or relationship. The introduction of the research proposal will be discussed in chapter 1. In chapter 2, literature review will be discussed on various views of previous researches which relate to our topic. Research methodology and the data collection will be present in chapter 3 while chapter 4 will discuss about the result and discussion on the result. A conclusion and policy implication will be discussed in the final chapter of this study.

My Life Essay

Good morning to the honourable judges, wise time-keepers and contestants. First of all, I need you to relax, and reflect on what you have done the past months. Did any of your activity involve a random act of kindness? Like rescuing an injured cat, helping the homeless or even helping a stranger with his/her work. Yes, I’m going to talk on random act of kindness. We are living at a period of time in which where ever we look, people are always rushing in the hustle and bustle of city life to complete their daily chores. For some it maybe getting to work on time, preparing breakfast for the whole family or completing their homework. Inspite of all this hustle, we should spend a few seconds to observe around us, we could make a difference in a person’s life. Ladies and gentleman, observe around you, have you ever noticed the homeless children or animals around you? I agree time is gold but can’t you spare some time and approach them with a broad smile on your face. A simple smile is a universal language of friendliness and kindness. You can offer to buy them a drink, or provide shelter for them. According to Scott Adams, an Amerian cartoonist, there’s no such thing as a small act of kindness. Every act creates a ripple with no logical end. As I was browsing through the Internet, I read upon a few stories and there is one in particular which I would like to share with you . A man named Jay and his wife were in Mexico on a holiday.As they walked into a McDonald’s restaurant, they saw a woman begging at the door and she had with her a young boy who was about 3 years old and about 2 feet tall, very fine built with short black hair. His face looked dirty, not so much in an unkempt way, but more like a young boy who had been left to his own devices and his smile shone like none other they have ever seen. The more they watched him the more they were drawn to him. He was playing with a stick at the front step, and as people left McDonalds, he would flash a mischievous smile and hold his hand out for a Peso. You could tell he did not care if he got one or not, he was just trying to help his mum out who was doing the real begging. They became enraptured watching him.They wanted to give him a gift. lt was then that it occurred to them that McDonalds always has toys for kids! So they went and got him a McHappy meal. They handed to him the bag of food and the toys which he did not imagine he would ever have. He was so thrilled. He grabbed the bag and ran across the step to his mother, â€Å"Mama, Mama, Mama.† As they left McDonalds, tucked into the corner of the step with his mother beside him, was the beaming little boy with a pop between his legs, fries hanging out of his mouth and his new plastic treasure clamped in his left hand. With his right hand he waved furiously at them and then in perfect English said, â€Å"Thank you very much!†. This story is a clear example of how a random act of kindness can touch someone’s heart. Aesop quoted that â€Å" No act of kindness no matter how small is wasted†. So if you think doing a simple kind deed is nothing, think again because for the person who gained from you random act of kindness, is indeed truly grateful. There is also the strange phenomenon where a dog helped a kitten that fell into a small drain. The kitten was all wet, shivering and giving out sounds in agony. The dog picked the kitten up with its mouth and dragged it towards the sidepath. Then, it licked the kitten’s body a few times with its tounge to dry him and ran away. So, you see ladies and gentleman, even a dog knows how to be kind. Recently, I witnessed an incident where 7 stray dogs were trying to cross a fully packed road. At that moment, a man driving an old sedan switched on his hazard lights and stopped in the middle of the road in a way blocking traffic going both ways. The dogs then quickly crossed the road while wagging their tails. The man then went on as though nothing had happened. I was awestruck. If everyone were like him, the world would be a better place to live in. Besides, there is a lot of things that you can do which is categorised as random act of kindness. Like, sharing your lunch with the needy, stopping for a pedestrian to cross the street or doing chores at home that you normally don’t do. Think of your mum’s reaction when she finds out that you have done some chores. How surprised she will be! This is the least we can spontaneously do for someone who we love and cherish a lot. We obviously don’t know how long we would live. So why not, make a difference in someone’s life while we can. So from now on, when we look at someone, a beggar, a child, stray animals, let’s try to do something that will truly make them happy. The smile that we receive in return of the kind deed is priceless. Trust me! The moment you see the smile, you will truly know that it is worth it. In one of Kahlil Gibran’s quotes, a Lebanese born American philosopher had said that â€Å" Tenderness and kindness are not signs of weakness and despair but manifestations of strength and resolution†. Do you know that, the Random Acts of Kindness Foundation is an organization set up to encourage people to carry out good deeds. People all over the world are experiencing the pleasure of having kind deeds done for them and they in turn reciprocate. These are countless ways for people to show acts of kindness. So, whether you buy a drink for the road sweeper, give a bowl of water to a stray dog, provide a shelter to a cat, or even as simple as helping your teacher to carry their stuffs to the staffroom, it is all categorised as random act of kindness. According to Charlie Chaplin â€Å" we think too much and feel too little. More than machinery, we need humanity. More than cleverness, we need kindness and gentleness†. I truly hope that I have inspired each and every one of you to conduct a random act of kindness. Fit this into your busy daily routine and let’s contribute to building a better society. Thank you.

Nespresso Essay

Nespresso was not in a real good situation. It was time to flip to do something impertinent and they realized for that basis that it was necessary to search an entrepreneur. Somebody ambitious , strong head , and creative who was subject to take radically closings and begin a new era of succeed of Nespreso. This soulfulness was Mr Lang. How could we sell Nespresso in supermarts ? was the initial question. capitulum that was answered with a great strategic decision which was developed by Nespresso in assure to penetrate in a new market and be more harvest-feastive. A small operation in a separate company with separate product Lang said.At the beginning it was no sporty what he wants to do , and if this system pull up stakes be effective moreover he doesnt care about it and he continued developing this risked strategy. Lang realized that Nespresso panorama in the office sector was limited but they was potential in the family market. At the time it did not cost a big market look into of the households market , so it was a very good opportunity for them.Positioning Nespresso forward from the more utilitarian office burnt umber and targeting consumers at the top of the household market was his main objective Land got gullible light from the Nestle? general focus in order to develop this strategy but only in Switzerland to be proven during a period of time. If the gross revenue increase the management agreed and the argumentation could continue. When something is new there will be always a lot of ifs and buts , but it must to risk and dare to do something innovative and original to got succeed.

Children’s ideas in Science Essay

Harlen (1997) set various techniques which dejection be used to enable children to say their ideas. These include quizzical, asking children to draw or write virtually what they think is happening, discussing their theme or drawing with their t distributivelyer and initiating a group discussion.With Harlens view in mind and considering the class topic of materials organism focused on in Science, my collaborator and I decided to plan a lesson that explored childrens ideas of what popicular intents be do from and what they were prior(prenominal) to the object they are now.It was entangle that in order for childrens ideas to be shine uped, visual cues would be beneficial. Harlen (2000125) supports this and affirmsThere are often products or artefacts at some(prenominal) represents of childrens activities which all have the authority to indicate children ideas.The use of visual back up did help children respond to the querys asked and assist children check their idea s. They lookd the children were focused and also ensured the children were kept on task.For one of the examples, it may have turn up more than effective if the visual objects had been provided for each stage that the object had been through to make believe it to what it is now.To evaluate childrens ideas, it was mind that questioning the children would be very beneficial and as Harlen (2000) emphasised open questions and person-centred questions prove the some effective types of questions in order to grow out childrens ideas. Considering this view, my partner and I tried to ensure the majority of our questions include these two question types. The first question to be asked was What do you think this was onward it was made into a jumper therefore reflecting a person-centred question.Some of the children at this stage replied with the answer a sheep and upon reflection it butt be said that the question necessitate to be more focused to ensure the children stated what the jumper was exactly originally it was a jumper. It perhaps would have been more affective and easier for the children if we had looked at the objects the different federal agency around focusing on a sheep, moving on to a globe of wool and then moving on to the woolly jumper. However the learning nonsubjective was to see if children could state what an object was prior to the one it is now and what is was before that.This part of the lesson was completed as a entire class in order to get more ideas. Harlen (2000101) suggested that childrens discussion with their peers is a blue-chip source of generating ideas. This is because children are back up to consider alternative ideas through other peoples ideas and secondary sources and non just from what they experience directly. tart (200085) identifiedChildrens involvement in formulating their ideas, attempting to march on them and listening to alternative explanations by their peers is a valuable learning process.To enable a cl ear understanding of childrens ideas were generated it was thought that through children drawing their ideas as sanitary as discussing them would not only highlight their ideas but would also be valuable for assessment purposes. Harlen (2000125) highlights childrens drawings give especially rich information about their ideas.throughout the drawing of pictures, the children were required to think about what the objects were before and before that. The drawings provided us with a clear insight into the childrens thoughts and ideas. Sharp (2000) highlights through discussions with children, about their pictures, enable their ideas to be clarified and explained upon.As well as drawing pictures, the children were asked to write a truncated description of what the various objects were prior to what they are now. Harlen (2000) identified that through writing, childrens ideas may prove more productive. Within the writing, children verbalised their ideas more thoroughly than within the pi ctures and put down how some of the objects had been a different object prior to the object they are now.